![]() ![]() Endurance exercise also enhances protein breakdown and stimulates a marked increase in amino acid oxidation ( 7, 8). A single bout of endurance exercise (e.g., cycling or running) in the fasted state increases mixed muscle (MPS) ( 2–5), myofibrillar (MyoPS) ( 6), and mitochondrial (MitoPS) ( 6) protein synthesis rates. ![]() Endurance exercise training is characterized by improvements in muscle oxidative capacity, secondary to an increase in the size and density of mitochondria, and accumulation of myosin heavy chain I ( 1).
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